ABSTRACT
Introduction: The surgeries over the proximal end of femur is common procedure in orthopaedics. Knowledge ofproximal femur’s morphometry can be helpful in reducing the risk of complications linked to surgeries done inthis region due to vascular, metabolic or traumatic causes. The present study is therefore conducted to providedata on the morphometric values of proximal femur and to customize the implant design to suit the Telanganapopulation and thereby reducing the complications.Objectives: 1.To study the various measurements of proximal end of femur 2. To compare the results withprevious studies.Materials and Methods: A total of 180 dry femur have been collected from Department of Anatomy, MamataMedical College. With the aid of the vernier calliper, goniometer and osteometric board, measurements such asfemoral length, transverse diameter of the head, anterior neck length and angle of the neck shaft were measured.Results: The average length of the left femur was 43.33 ± 2.72 cm and 42.95 ± 3.29 cm of the right femur. Theanterior neck length of the right femur was 2.69 ± 0.41 cm, and left femur was 2.61 ±0.34 cm. The neck shaft angleof left femur was 120.3° ± 5.26 and right femur was 119.92° ± 6.27.Conclusion: Relative to other populations, this study showed the measurements of proximal femur in Telanganapopulation were different. The results of this study can be significant in anthropological and medico-legalpractice as well as for the diagnosis and treatment planning of radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons.
ABSTRACT
Background: Bone formation, growth and its vitality necessitates blood supply. Nutrient artery is the key sourceof blood supply to the long bone apart from the other important sources like periosteal, metaphyseal andepiphyseal arteries. Nutrient foramina allows nutrient artery. Typically, the direction of the nutrient foramina istowards the elbow joint in radius, away from its growing end. Knowledge of foramen index, number, directionand size of the nutrient foramina assists the surgeon to take an exact section of bone in case of bone resectionand transplantation techniques.Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the number, position, size, direction of the nutrient foraminaand the Foramen Index of the human dry radius bonesMaterials and Methods: In the present study, 91 right sided and 88 left sided radius bones of unknown age andsex were taken into consideration from the department of anatomy, Mamata Medical College, Khammam,Telanagana.Results: Average length of the radius on the right side was observed to be 23.72 ± 1.93 cm and on left side 23.35± 1.75 cm. The foramen index on right side was 34.92 ± 4.97 cm where as on the left side 34.79 ± 4.43 cm. Thenutrient foramen was directed towards the proximal end of radius in all the bones studied. Most of the foramenwere observed on the anterior surface of the bone. Nutrient foramina was found to be absent in 4 right sided and3 left sided bones.Conclusion: This study may add to the present statistical data available on foramen index, number of foramenand their location in the population of Telangana region, during recent orthopaedic techniques like bone resectionand transplantation
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The lateral cord of brachial plexus is formed from the anterior divisions of upper and middletrunks, formed from roots C5, C6 and C7. Variations in the formation and branching of lateral cord are notuncommon. Considering its variations, a detailed knowledge is necessary to neurosurgeons, anaesthetists andorthopedicians to avoid complications.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Mamata MedicalCollege, Khammam. 70 formalin fixed upper limbs [35 cadavers] were dissected for a period of 5 years. Formationand branching of lateral cord of brachial plexus were observed and variations are taken into consideration.Observations: Out of 70 limbs dissected, we observed communication between the lateral cord and medial rootof median nerve in 10 limbs. In 2 limbs musculo-cutaneous nerve was not formed. In 3 limbs musculo-cutaneousnerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis. In 7 limbs low union of medial and lateral roots of median nerve wasobserved. In 2 limbs, lateral pectoral nerve arises from upper trunkConclusion: The lateral cord and its branches show variations more frequently than medial and posterior cordsof brachial plexus
ABSTRACT
The study was done to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs using Dental Aesthetic Index [DAI] among 12-15 years old school children in Davangere, Karnataka - India. A total of 2010 high school students [991 males and 1019 females] randomly selected from public and private schools were examined for malocclusion using Dental Aesthetic Index by single examiner.The results showed that the mean Dental Aesthetic Index score of 18.2, with males having a significantly higher DAI score [18.9] than females [17.5]. It was observed that 83.4% of the study population had DAI score <25 which required no or slight treatment. 15.5% required elective treatment and only 1.1% of the children with DAI score of 31-35 required emergency treatment. A highly statistical significant difference in DAI scores was found between males and females [P <0.001]